A balanced mixed sward gives best results

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Trials using a balanced mix of perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot, red and white clover always out-performed monocultures in tests held jointly across EU member states and Canada.

IBERS’ Rosemary Collins said it was also interesting to learn a substantial increase in yield had been seen even from a ‘modest increase’ in sward diversity.

In response to concerns voiced about weed control in clover-rich swards, Dr Collins said a balanced mix (referred to as a centroid mix) offered good weed resistance, staying clean for many months.

“There is a need to get a balance between fast growing and persistent grasses and the legumes in the mix,” she said.

“Management of the sward should be geared towards the legume – be it clover or otherwise – and don’t over-do the inclusion of cocksfoot, as it can become dominant in later years.”

Concerns over pests and diseases were also worthy of consideration, said IBERS’ Tony Mizen. The limited armoury of clover-safe spray was seeing vital components removed by advancing EU legislation.

Stem nematodes, sclerosis, and anthracnose were among farmers’ concerns. While breeders developed more resistant varieties, and natural predators could help tackle nematodes, leaf-born disease could be managed in part by harvesting.

“If identified early, conserve forage material by cutting,” he said. “This opens the sward and allows it to dry out, helping halt disease spread.”